Html and css styling

Welcome to day four of your web development short course. The next two days are going to be equally filled with new lessons in web development: some advanced CSS and then getting our feet wet with the last pillar of the web, JavaScript. Today is all about colors and styles and animation. By the end of today, our website will be popping with color! In general, whenever we work with images on a webpage which is almost always , we try to separate files according to their types.

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WATCH RELATED VIDEO: 3 Awesome CSS Button Hover Effects Using HTML \u0026 CSS

Customize Theme

The developing approach we follow in this example is known as progressive enhancement , which is an important paradigm in web programming. It consists in adding progressive layers of complexity to a page.

We start from a perfectly marked up HTML page, this is the foundation. By itself, this should be visualized correctly on any platform, although it might not be particularly nice, as default browser settings are applied. We then add a layer of CSS, by marking tags with id and class attributes, as required, and then associate these ids and classes, and maybe also main elements, to a style by linking a stylesheet to the page. A subsequent step could be to add some javascript code, to obtain some specific dynamic or interactive behavior.

The general principle is that all layers beyond the basic one should each add value to the page, while remaining optional. Even less may support javascript. So the user will get the full experience for example on a PC with a modern browser. However the page should possibly still be accessible and displayed correctly, although sometimes not nicely, on any device. The document outline, as assessed with the HTML5 outliner is shown in the next figure. Remember that the document outline is not something that browsers will display.

Note how although the page is not particularly nice, it is perfectly readable, and the various sections and subsections are clearly defined. The accessibility of such a page is very good across a wide range of devices, including for instance mobile phones. As a general principle, it is wise to attribute a style to the highest possible element in the tags hierarchy, considering that many style definitions will then be inherited by child elements thanks to the cascading nature of the Cascading Style Sheets.

This is why we will start from the html and body tags. You see in figure that the body has a white background, however around it there is a grey background that will fill the whole window in the part not occupied by the body. In order to achieve this, we have to attribute a background color to both the html tag, the very opening tag of the page, and to the body tag:.

Concerning the page body width, there are two main options. Or it can be expressed with an absolute measure, typically in pixels eg: width : px;. This is an important choice that will impact strongly on the behavior of your pages. There is an important design trend called responsive web design , that if focused on producing code layouts that will adapt across the full range of devices and screen sizes available on the market.

Responsive design is based, among other techniques, on the use of dedicated elements such as the viewport tag. This is a potentially complex matter beyond the scope of this book. We will propose a simple fixed-width basic page stile, that is quite suitable for most projects and easy to manage and understand.

Once you can master basic designs, you can proceed to more sophisticated layout codes. Since most monitors in use are now pixels wide or more, we will select a size that will fit into these monitors without any horizontal scrolling, which is generally regarded as an uneducated option to offer visitors of a modern web site.

While it is a good idea to specify a width, the height should not be specified so that it will adapt to the contents and stretch vertically as required. We want these pixels to be at the center of the user window, rather than to the left the default.

The margin of an element is a distance to be kept from other elements in the page. We can specify either just a margin, that will apply to the four directions, or, if we need more control over the four directions, individually:. The names are quite self-explanatory but see also the next figure. For example, margin is a shorthand to the four properties margin-top , margin-right , margin-bottom and margin-left.

The four numbers refer to the top, right, bottom, left margins, respectively. So in the above example margin-top would be 10px, margin-right 15px, margin-bottom 20px and margin-left 30px. So in this example margin-top and margin-bottom would be 10px while margin-right and margin-left would be 20px.

Therefore, keeping in mind that the default value for all margins that will be applied by the browser if we do not specify any margin property is 0, instead of writing:. Font selection has an overall strong impact on the page appearance.

Needless to say, different fonts could be used in different parts of our page s. For example, the font for navigation menus could be different from the font used for generic text. Fonts and web fonts are a world worth exploring. This restricts the use of possible fonts to a relatively small number of fonts commonly present on all operating systems Those fonts are known as web safe fonts.

An alternative to use a web safe font is to embed a font in our web pages , by using a font-face declaration, so that the font is downloaded to the client PC from an external source. This external source could be our server, or maybe a third party fonts server. A great variety of fonts can be sourced from font libraries such as fontlibrary or Google fonts. If a font name contains spaces, it should be enclosed within quotation marks. The second font is indicated so that if the first font is not available, the browser will attempt to use the second instead.

Several fonts can be used in a font-family declaration, that will be subjected to this same fallback mechanism. It is wise to start the font-family declaration with a specific font family, the one we would prefer to be displayed, and to end with a generic font family, so that at worse, a similar font to our favorite will be used anyway. This is very desirable on displaying sequence alignments, where we wish aminoacids in the corresponding positions in the sequences, to be aligned vertically with each other.

This will only work with monospace fonts. For styling a sequence we could embed all sequences in a span tag with a sequence class and then use, for example, the following declaration:. We can set a default font size for text, with the font-size property. In a standard browser this corresponds approximately to 19 pixels, which is extremely well readable. The size you select will also depends on the selected font family.

As a first thing, you should be aware that the default browsers color for almost everything, including text, is black, which is a strong color, far from neutral. We suggest you avoid black altogether, unless you really want it. The decision of using black should be explicit. If you look carefully at figure you will notice that the text is not black. As things stand now, if we add contents, for example some text or an image, to the body, it will touch the page border by default, the left border.

This is plain ugly, and a typical sign of bad and sloppy web design. In oder to leave an internal margin in the body, we will use the padding property. As it happens with margin , padding is a shorthand property. So at the end, the last declaration wins. What about the color of titles and subtitles defined by h tags, from h1 for the main title, to h6?

As you see in figure , we have used colors quite heavily in our example to underline the page subdivision in sections and subsections. In the example, only h1, h2 and h3 tags were used, of the 6 h tags available.

As already discussed in a previous section of this chapter, on designing a web page of web site it is wise to plan in advance and select a beautiful, harmonic color scheme. For this example we have selected the following color scheme:. To see exactly what is shown in the figure below in the paletton web site please visit the URL above an then select the tetrad option in the circular selectors right below the site logo.

Note that in addition to these 4 colors, other 4 additional colors, for each main color, are suggested. In our page however, not all h1 tags are the same. For instance, in the aside section that becomes the left grey box in the final site , we have a distinct h1-h2 hierarchy.

We want the h1 and h2 tags used inside the aside element to have a different size yet the same color , from the default h1 and h2 sizes that we have just styled. Within the aside element, we will also eliminate the top margin that is normally present in the h1 tag, for design purposes. Those declarations, placed somewhere in the stylesheet after the first h1 and h2 declaration, will override certain aspects font-size assigned before.

Colors will be inherited from the previous declarations for h1 and h2. In our example we will have two different kind of links: the top navigation menu links and the ordinary links. For the ordinary links we will use a light blue from the color scheme above, 3AA6D0. We will also state that links should not be displayed as underlined text, which is kind of old fashioned.

The top menu navigation links will be bold. We will assign them the blue from the main color scheme colors, A0. Remember they are contained within a nav element. So we can access them by defining nav as the context. We have not done it in this example, however you can control the color of a linked text when you mouseover it and differentiate between a link that was visited or not, by using the a:hover, a:visited and a:link CSS selectors.

See here for more details. For instance, take a moment to look at the final web page in figure How many lists do you see? If you answered 2, you missed the fact that the top navigation menu links are part of a list, check out the page source code at the beginning of this section. However the top links are indeed arranged in a list. Here are the relevant CSS declarations:.

You will also note that the other two lists in the page are styled. They are different from each other, and none of them has the default appearance of a list see figure for the un-styled version. We have created 2 kind of list styles. One applies to lists inside the aside element. These lists we have one in the example will have squares instead of the default bullets.

The color of the squares will be the orange from our color scheme, FF Also, we increase the default spacing between the lines line-height , in order to better space the list elements. The list in the example, the one with the arrows, to the right of the page, was assigned this class:.


Style Stage

For example, suppose the name of your CSS file is my style. When you have an invalid CSS syntax inside your stylesheet, then the browser will ignore the invalid syntaxes and apply the valid ones. To invalidate the cache and serve the latest version of your CSS file, you can perform a hard reload on the browser. Alternatively, you can also invalidate the browser cache by using CSS versioning as explained here:. I'm sending out an occasional email with the latest programming tutorials.

So what's the deal with RTL styling? Test This is only a test.

How to use custom HTML and CSS

The CSS language is easy to learn and widely used. If you would like to learn CSS code, I recommend the free interactive codecademy tutorial. There is also a free concise tutorial at udemy. In HTML, you can:. This cascading arrangement lets you create global style rules in an external file, or header , and special cases elements that have their own style attribute. The basic one on the left is the default Shiny App. The one on the right uses a CSS file to enhance its look. I downloaded it from Bootswatch , a great place to get free CSS themes for bootstrap webpages. CSS files designed to work with Bootstrap 3.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

html and css styling

You can modify the CSS style definitions for the exported file. The HTML exporter assigns the following special CSS classes to appropriate parts of the document—your style specifications may change these, in addition to any of the standard classes like for headlines, tables, etc. To override the default style with another style, use these keywords in the Org file. They will replace the global defaults the HTML exporter uses.

In the web world, CSS takes the headache out of formatting, styling, and more. But when it comes to email, CSS can cause more headaches than it cures.

How to Set Style to an HTML element using JavaScript

By Priya Pedamkar. HTML provides tags that are surrounding the content of any web page elements. TML markup consists of different types of components, including tags, entity references, character-based types, and references. It is mainly designed to enable the distinction between presentation and content, including colors, layouts, and fronts. HTML is basically the standard markup language for describing the structure of web pages.

Get started with CSS

In this way, attributes such as layout, color, and shape of the individual HTML elements are defined. Web hosting with a personal consultant. Fast and scalable, including a free domain for the first year and email address, trust web hosting from IONOS! With this method, a good basic understanding of HTML and its syntax is an advantage. The most common and cleanest way to develop websites is to use external CSS style sheets. The following is an overview of the three methods:.

Base HTML. #. We'll focus on a single to begin. Hey there! Registration is open for.

Getting to Know CSS

You can find more information and program guidelines in the GitHub repository. If you're currently enrolled in a Computer Science related field of study and are interested in participating in the program, please complete this form. On its own HTML is seen as just a word skeleton on a webpage that could easily have been written on Microsoft word and saved a lot of time.

Branding your HTML Outputs with CSS

RELATED VIDEO: Learn CSS in 20 Minutes

Now you know that an HTML file contains tags that tell the browser what to show. You know how to look for new tags by reading through W3Schools and Mozilla Developer Network to find other tags, and you can use all of that knowledge to write an HTML page. This renders the content in a pretty boring webpage with a white background and black, left-aligned text. There are a ton of CSS properties you can use, and each property has its own set of values you can choose from.

A demonstration of what can be accomplished through CSS -based design.

CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout , colors , and fonts. Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice via speech-based browser or screen reader , and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device. The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which style rule applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. This cascading priority scheme is predictable. CSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to specify the names of various style properties. A style sheet consists of a list of rules.

This is a list of instructions that tell the browser how to style the HTML elements on the page. For example, the CSS tells the browser what color the heading text should be and what font to use for the body text. Paligo has a default CSS stylesheet that is generated automatically, but you can create your own CSS stylesheet and use that instead.

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  1. Duzuru

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  2. Momuso

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  3. How

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