Can you use javascript to encrypt web pages

Encrypted Media Extensions provides an API that enables web applications to interact with content protection systems, to allow playback of encrypted audio and video. EME is designed to enable the same app and encrypted files to be used in any browser, regardless of the underlying protection system. The former is made possible by the standardized APIs and flow while the latter is made possible by the concept of Common Encryption. Being an 'extension' means that browser support for EME is optional: if a browser does not support encrypted media, it will not be able to play encrypted media, but EME is not required for HTML spec compliance. The API supports use cases ranging from simple clear key decryption to high value video given an appropriate user agent implementation. This specification does not define a content protection or Digital Rights Management system.

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• Production Best Practices: Security
• Certificates for localhost
• Cross-site scripting
• Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Secure HTML Forms
• Security tips
• Secure Browser Storage: The Facts
• How To Secure Your JavaScript Backend via Node.js and Express.js
• The Complete Guide To Switching From HTTP To HTTPS

Production Best Practices: Security

Encrypted Media Extensions provides an API that enables web applications to interact with content protection systems, to allow playback of encrypted audio and video.

EME is designed to enable the same app and encrypted files to be used in any browser, regardless of the underlying protection system. The former is made possible by the standardized APIs and flow while the latter is made possible by the concept of Common Encryption. Being an 'extension' means that browser support for EME is optional: if a browser does not support encrypted media, it will not be able to play encrypted media, but EME is not required for HTML spec compliance. The API supports use cases ranging from simple clear key decryption to high value video given an appropriate user agent implementation.

This specification does not define a content protection or Digital Rights Management system. Rather, it defines a common API that may be used to discover, select and interact with such systems as well as with simpler content encryption systems. Implementation of Digital Rights Management is not required for compliance with this specification: only the Clear Key system is required to be implemented as a common baseline.

The common API supports a simple set of content encryption capabilities, leaving application functions such as authentication and authorization to page authors. This is achieved by requiring content protection system-specific messaging to be mediated by the page rather than assuming out-of-band communication between the encryption system and a license or other server. Content Decryption Module CDM : A client-side software or hardware mechanism that enables playback of encrypted media.

Negotiation with the license server is the responsibility of the application. Note that an application using EME interacts with a license server to get keys to enable decryption, but user identity and authentication are not part of EME. Retrieval of keys to enable media playback happens after optionally authenticating a user. Services such as Netflix must authenticate users within their web application: when a user signs into the application, the application determines the user's identity and privileges.

How does EME work? Here's how the components of EME interact, corresponding to the code example below : If multiple formats or codecs are available, MediaSource. However, the CDM may only support a subset of what the browser supports for unencrypted content.

It's best to negotiate a MediaKeys configuration before selecting a format and codec. However, it's still preferable to set up MediaKeys first. The only reason to wait for the encrypted event is if there is no way of knowing whether the content is encrypted or not, but in practice that's unlikely.

A web application attempts to play audio or video that has one or more encrypted streams. The browser recognizes that the media is encrypted see box below for how that happens and fires an encrypted event with metadata initData obtained from the media about the encryption. If no MediaKeys object has been associated with the media element, first select an available Key System by using navigator.

Note that initialization of the MediaKeys object should happen before the first encrypted event. Getting a license server URL is done by the app independently of selecting an available key system. A MediaKeys object represents all the keys available to decrypt the media for an audio or video element. It represents a CDM instance and provides access to the CDM, specifically for creating key sessions, which are used to obtain keys from a license server.

This creates a MediaKeySession, which represents the lifetime of a license and its key s. The app generates a license request by passing the media data obtained in the encrypted handler to the CDM, by calling generateRequest on the MediaKeySession. The MediaKeySession object receives the message event and the application sends a message to the license server via XHR, for example. The application receives a response from the license server and passes the data to the CDM using the update method of the MediaKeySession.

The CDM decrypts the media using the keys in the license. A valid key may be used, from any session within the MediaKeys associated with the media element. Media playback resumes. How does the browser know that media is encrypted? Guidelines are provided for each container in an EME-specific registry.

Note that there may be multiple messages between the CDM and the license server, and all communication in this process is opaque to the browser and application: messages are only understood by the CDM and license server, although the app layer can see what type of message the CDM is sending. The license request contains proof of the CDM's validity and trust relationship as well as a key to use when encrypting the content key s in the resulting license.

But what do CDMs actually do? Decryption and decoding, passing video frames to the browser for rendering. Decryption and decoding, rendering directly in the hardware for example, the GPU. Distribute a CDM separately.

Build a CDM into the operating system. Include a CDM in firmware. Embed a CDM in hardware. Getting a key from a license server In typical commercial use, content will be encrypted and encoded using a packaging service or tool. Once the encrypted media is made available online, a web client can obtain a key contained within a license from a license server and use the key to enable decryption and playback of the content. The following code adapted from the spec examples shows how an application can select an appropriate key system and obtain a key from a license server.

For example, a video packaged using Playready could be played back in a browser using a Widevine CDM obtaining a key from a Widevine license server. This is in contrast to legacy solutions that would only work with a complete vertical stack, including a single client that often also included an application runtime. Using this system, media can be encrypted with a key and then played back simply by providing that key.

Clear Key can be built into the browser: it does not require the use of a separate decryption module. While not likely to be used for many types of commercial content, Clear Key is fully interoperable across all browsers that support EME.

It is also handy for testing EME implementations, and applications using EME, without the need to request a content key from a license server. There is a simple Clear Key example at simpl. Below is a walkthrough of the code, which parallels the steps described above , though without license server interaction. To test this code, you need an encrypted video to play. We can load, decode and play media simply by providing a src URL:.

This in turn enables techniques such as adaptive streaming and time shifting. Because in addition to distributing protected content, commercial content providers must be able to adapt content delivery to network conditions and other requirements.

Netflix, for example, dynamically changes stream bitrate as network conditions change. EME works with playback of media streams provided by an MSE implementation, just as it would with media provided via a src attribute. How to chunk and play back media encoded at different bitrates? See the DASH section below. You can see MSE in action at simpl.

In a production application, chunks of video would be retrieved via AJAX. First a SourceBuffer is created:. The entire movie is then 'streamed' to a video element by appending each chunk using the appendBuffer method:. Dynamic, adaptive delivery is crucial for coping with bandwidth constraints and variability in the multi-device world.

MSE-based DASH implementations can parse a manifest, download segments of video at an appropriate bitrate, and feed them to a video element when it gets hungry — using existing HTTP infrastructure.

In other words, DASH enables commercial content providers to do adaptive streaming of protected content. DASH does what it says on the tin: Dynamic: responds to changing conditions. Adaptive: adapts to provide an appropriate audio or video bitrate. Streaming: allows for streaming as well as download. Each encoding is called a Representation.

These are split into a number of Media Segments. The client plays a programme by requesting segments, in order, from a representation over HTTP. Representations can be grouped into Adaptation Sets of representations containing equivalent content. If the client wishes to change bitrate it can pick an alternative from the current adaption set and start requesting segments from that representation.

Content is encoded in such a way to make this switching easy for the client to do. In addition to a number of media segments, a representation generally also has an Initialization Segment. This can be thought of as a header, containing information about the encoding, frame sizes, etc. A client needs to obtain this for a given representation before consuming media segments from that representation.

To summarize: Media is encoded at different bitrates. The different bitrate files are made available from an HTTP server. A client web app chooses which bitrate to retrieve and play back with DASH.

An MPD looks like this:. Open menu. On this page. On this page How does EME work? Last updated: Jan 26, — Improve article.

Certificates for localhost

Cryptography Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for software developers, mathematicians and others interested in cryptography. It only takes a minute to sign up. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I need to encrypt sensitive client information in my site and make sure that even in the worst case scenario that the site gets hacked the information cannot be retrieved. I guess is similar to the credit cards situation. I found many discussions regarding how to secure the credit card information and the approach I see around in forums is to use an algorithm like AES to encrypt the data using a key stored in the code or a configuration file or similar.

Cross-site scripting

It is used by default when you require 'openpgp' in Node. Currently, Chrome, Safari and Edge have partial implementations of the Streams specification , and Firefox has a partial implementation behind feature flags. Chrome is the only browser that implements TransformStream s, which we need, so we include a polyfill for all other browsers. Please note that in those browsers, the global ReadableStream property gets overwritten with the polyfill version if it exists. In some edge cases, you might need to use the native ReadableStream for example when using it to create a Response object , in which case you should store a reference to it before loading OpenPGP. There is also the web-streams-adapter library to convert back and forth between them. Version 3.

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Secure HTML Forms

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Security tips

Posted on 28 February by Webbjocke. A while ago it was announced that a crypto api will be released for javascript. Meaning it will be possible to do real encrypting and decrypting, and generating hashes directly in the web browser. Now it's actually possible! It should be noted though that even if the api is a candidate recommendation, the browser support isn't the best just yet.

Secure Browser Storage: The Facts

Until recently, most website owners have not had to worry about special measures to secure their web pages unless they were conducting eCommerce transactions, or collecting sensitive information such as medical or banking data. But now all that is changing. Google now officially recommends securing websites with HTTPS, which means that not only will this be important for organizations that want their websites to perform well in search, but more and more visitors will come to expect it. In short, website security is no longer something for only certain types of websites to worry about - it's a best practice for all businesses and organizations that want to optimize their search engine performance, establish credibility with visitors, and maintain a professional web presence. Website security covers many areas , but for the purposes being discussed here, it means that the website utilizes SSL , which stands for Secure Socket Layer, a standard security technology that establishes an encrypted connection between a web server and a browser, with the URL being prefixed with "HTTPS" rather than the standard and unsecure "HTTP" with that extra "S" standing for "Secure".

How To Secure Your JavaScript Backend via Node.js and Express.js

Treehouse writes on February 14, Cookies are a convenient, often necessary way to maintain state and data in web applications. Since this is well known, cookies are a target and potential vulnerability you have to be aware of when developing for the web.

The Complete Guide To Switching From HTTP To HTTPS

The blue ad blocker badge on the right side of the combined address and search bar shows that the feature is enabled. Click the ad blocker icon to open the ad blocker pop-up window. In this window you can optionally disable ad blocker for the current website. Some websites request that you disable ad blocker so you can visit and fully enjoy their webpage.

POST requests provide some basic protection against browser caching of sensitive data, as well as reduce the odds that sensitive data is accidentally stored in server logs due to typical web server logging policies, which is beyond the scope of this article. After all, collecting data and sending it somewhere is great—but only if you can make use of it. Depending on the method used, however, the form data will be available in a different way. Go back to the first example in this article where I showed you a simple page containing a form that collected email and password information from a user, then sent it to a web server using a GET request. As you can see from the image above, this is obviously not ideal for the sort of information being collected.

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