Webiste that cites sources
Maybe China could help us better understand some things we could do better. The agreement was reached during the U. For the first time, China agreed to crackdown on methane leaks, a highly potent greenhouse gas. On Tuesday, Kerry said that reducing coal consumption would also be a central area of focus for the group. The progress report came as government officials, corporate leaders and other elites at the World Economic Forum grappled with how to confront climate change and its devastating effects. A central question was: to what extent can oil and gas companies be part of a transition to lower-carbon fuels?
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The MLA Style Center
A citation , also called a reference , [note 1] uniquely identifies a source of information, e. Wikipedia's verifiability policy requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged , and for all quotations, anywhere in article space.
A citation or reference in an article usually has two parts. In the first part, each section of text that is either based on, or quoted from, an outside source is marked as such with an inline citation.
The inline citation may be a superscript footnote number, or an abbreviated version of the citation called a short citation. The second necessary part of the citation or reference is the list of full references, which provides complete, formatted detail about the source, so that anyone reading the article can find it and verify it. This page explains how to place and format both parts of the citation.
Each article should use one citation method or style throughout. While you should try to write citations correctly, what matters most is that you provide enough information to identify the source. Others will improve the formatting if needed. See: " Help:Referencing for beginners ", for a brief introduction on how to put references in Wikipedia articles; and cite templates in Visual Editor , about a graphical way for citation, included in Wikipedia.
By citing sources for Wikipedia content, you enable users to verify that the information given is supported by reliable sources, thus improving the credibility of Wikipedia while showing that the content is not original research. You also help users find additional information on the subject; and by giving attribution you avoid plagiarising the source of your words or ideas. In particular, sources are required for material that is challenged or likely to be challenged — if reliable sources cannot be found for challenged material, it is likely to be removed from the article.
Sources are also required when quoting someone, with or without quotation marks, or closely paraphrasing a source. However, the citing of sources is not limited to those situations — editors are always encouraged to add or improve citations for any information contained in an article.
Citations are especially desirable for statements about living persons, particularly when the statements are contentious or potentially defamatory. In accordance with the biography of living persons policy , unsourced information of this type is likely to be removed on sight. For an image or other media file, details of its origin and copyright status should appear on its file page.
Image captions should be referenced as appropriate just like any other part of the article. A citation is not needed for descriptions such as alt text that are verifiable directly from the image itself, or for text that merely identifies a source e. Citations are not used on disambiguation pages sourcing for the information given there should be done in the target articles.
Citations are often omitted from the lead section of an article, insofar as the lead summarizes information for which sources are given later in the article, although quotations and controversial statements, particularly if about living persons, should be supported by citations even in the lead.
Listed below is the information that a typical inline citation or general reference will provide, though other details may be added as necessary. This information is included in order to identify the source, assist readers in finding it, and in the case of inline citations indicate the place in the source where the information is to be found.
If an article uses short citations , then the inline citations will refer to this information in abbreviated form, as described in the relevant sections above. This is a different version of a book in the same way that different editions are different versions. In such a case, record: the year of the particular reprint, the edition immediately prior to this particular reprint if not the first edition and a note to say "Reprint with corrections".
Do not cite an entire body of work by one performer. Instead, make one citation for each work your text relies on. Wikidata is largely user-generated, and articles should not directly cite Wikidata as a source just as it would be inappropriate to cite other Wikipedias' articles as sources. Wikidata's statements, however, can be directly transcluded into articles; this is usually done to provide external links or infobox data.
There has been controversy over the use of Wikidata in the English Wikipedia due to vandalism and its own sourcing. While there is no consensus on whether information from Wikidata should be used at all, there is general agreement that any Wikidata statements that are transcluded need to be just as — or more — reliable compared to Wikipedia content. As such, Module:WikidataIB and some related modules and templates filter unsourced Wikidata statements by default; however, other modules and templates, such as Module:Wikidata , do not.
A book, a journal article, a musical recording, sheet music or any other item can be represented by a structured item in Wikidata. Specify the page number or range of page numbers. Page numbers are not required for a reference to the book or article as a whole.
When you specify a page number, it is helpful to specify the version date and edition for books of the source because the layout, pagination, length, etc.
If there are no page numbers, whether in ebooks or print materials, then you can use other means of identifying the relevant section of a lengthy work, such as the chapter number or the section title.
In some works, such as plays and ancient works, there are standard methods of referring to sections, such as "Act 1, scene 2" for plays and Bekker numbers for Aristotle's works. Use these methods whenever appropriate. Specify the time at which the event or other point of interest occurs. Be as precise as possible about the version of the source that you are citing; for example, movies are often released in different editions or "cuts".
Due to variations between formats and playback equipment, precision may not be accurate in some cases. However, many government agencies do not publish minutes and transcripts but do post video of official meetings online; generally the subcontractors who handle audio-visual are quite precise.
A citation ideally includes a link or ID number to help editors locate the source. If you have a URL web page link, you can add it to the title part of the citation, so that when you add the citation to Wikipedia the URL becomes hidden and the title becomes clickable. For example:. For web-only sources with no publication date, the "Retrieved" date or the date you accessed the web page should be included, in case the web page changes in the future. For example: Retrieved 15 July or you can use the access-date parameter in the automatic Wikipedia:refToolbar 2.
You can also add an ID number to the end of a citation. If your source is not available online, it should be available in reputable libraries, archives, or collections. If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available though not necessarily reliable : providing an ISBN or OCLC number; linking to an established Wikipedia article about the source the work, its author, or its publisher ; or directly quoting the material on the talk page, briefly and in context.
If the viewer or browser does not support it, it will display the first page instead. Google Books sometimes allows numbered book pages to be linked to directly. Page links should only be added when the book is available for preview; they will not work with snippet view. Keep in mind that availability varies by location. No editor is required to add page links, but if another editor adds them, they should not be removed without cause; see the October RfC for further information.
In edit mode, the URL for p. When the page number is a Roman numeral , commonly seen at the beginning of books, the URL looks like this for page xvii Roman numeral 17 of the same book:.
You can also link to a tipped-in page , such as an unnumbered page of images between two regular pages. If the page contains an image that is protected by copyright, it will be replaced by a tiny notice saying "copyrighted image". Anthony , looks like this:. For further details, you may see How-to explanation on support. If your knowledge of the source is secondhand—that is, if you have read Jones , who cited Smith , and you want to use what Smith said—make clear that your knowledge of Smith is based on your reading of Jones.
John Smith The same principle applies when indicating the source of images and other media files in an article. Note : The advice to "say where you read it" does not mean that you have to give credit to any search engines, websites, libraries, library catalogs, archives, subscription services, bibliographies, or other sources that led you to Smith's book. If you have read a book or article yourself, that's all you have to cite.
You do not have to specify how you obtained and read it. So long as you are confident that you read a true and accurate copy, it does not matter whether you read the material using an online service like Google Books; using preview options at a bookseller's website like Amazon; through your library; via online paid databases of scanned publications , such as JSTOR ; using reading machines ; on an e-reader except to the extent that this affects page numbering ; or any other method.
Editors should be aware that older sources especially those in the public domain are sometimes reprinted with modern publication dates.
When this occurs and the citation style being used requires it, cite both the original publication date, as well as the date of the re-publication, e. Publication dates, for both older and recent sources, should be written with the goal of helping the reader find the publication and, once found, confirm that the correct publication has been located.
For example, if the publication date bears a date in the Julian calendar, it should not be converted to the Gregorian calendar. If the publication date was given as a season or holiday, such as "Winter" or "Christmas" of a particular year or two-year span, it should not be converted to a month or date, such as July—August or December If a publication provided both seasonal and specific dates, prefer the specific one.
In most cases it is sufficient for a citation footnote simply to identify the source as described in the sections above ; readers can then consult the source to see how it supports the information in the article. A footnote may also contain a relevant exact quotation from the source.
This is especially helpful when the cited text is long or dense. A quotation allows readers to immediately identify the applicable portion of the reference. Quotes are also useful if the source is not easily accessible. In the case of non-English sources, it may be helpful to quote from the original text and then give an English translation. If the article itself contains a translation of a quote from such a source without the original , then the original should be included in the footnote.
Inline citations allow the reader to associate a given bit of material in an article with the specific reliable source s that support it. Inline citations are added using either footnotes long or short or parenthetical references. This section describes how to add either type, and also describes how to create a list of full bibliography citations to support shortened footnotes.
The first editor to add footnotes to an article must create a section where those citations are to appear. This section, if needed, is usually titled "Notes" or "References", and is placed at or near the bottom of the article. For more about the order and titles of sections at the end of an article which may also include "Further reading" and "External links" sections , see Wikipedia:Footers.
The footnotes will then automatically be listed under that section heading. Each numbered footnote marker in the text is a clickable link to the corresponding footnote, and each footnote contains a caret that links back to the corresponding point in the text.
Scrolling lists, or lists of citations appearing within a scroll box , should never be used. This is because of issues with readability, browser compatibility, accessibility , printing, and site mirroring. If an article contains a list of general references , this is usually placed in a separate section, titled, for example, "References".
This usually comes immediately after the section s listing footnotes, if any. If the general references section is called "References", then the citations section is usually called "Notes". It will also be necessary to generate the list of footnotes where the citation text is actually displayed ; for this, see the previous section.
Meet Zotero.
It provides selected citation examples for common types of sources. For more detailed information consult directly a print copy of the style manual. For citing blog posts see citing articles in our guide. Refer to APA's Online media for more reference examples and information or consult the guide directly Section National Institute of Mental Health. Suicide is complicated and tragic, but is often preventable.
How do I cite a source I found in another source?
We use your sign-up to provide content in ways you've consented to and to improve our understanding of you. This may include adverts from us and 3rd parties based on our understanding. You can unsubscribe at any time. More info. There is a growing sense of disillusionment with Putin from both pro and anti-war members of the Russian elite, according to Meduza, an independent news website based in Latvia, which cites sources close to the Kremlin. The pro-war faction is reportedly frustrated with the lack of progress while the business elite are displeased at the scale of the crippling sanctions. A future without the President is "increasingly being discussed" with conversations about potential successors taking place "behind the scenes in the Kremlin", according to the site.
Citing Internet Sources
Many developers have created helpful generators to create citations and help you write in APA Style. From APA citation apps to browser extensions to websites, here are some citation manager tools. Several websites can help generate citations in APA Style and other styles. When looking for a citation generator, test that it appropriately cites different sources and reviews all of your citations for accuracy before submitting any class assignments. Academic Writer.
Wikipedia:Citing sources
To find information such as title, author, or date on a webpage sometimes you need to do some digging around the website. Most of the information will be found in the header or the footer of the website. The header of a website will include the name of the website, and sub organization links or titles. If the information that you are seeking is not on the page that you are looking at, move up the website. For example: if the web page www.
Harvard Referencing Guide
Each time writers use an outside source, they must give credit to the original writer or creator of that source. Just as each style guide has rules for creating a citation in a bibliography at the end of a text, each guide also has certain rules for citing the use of sources within the text of the essay. These guidelines may not account for every citation situation. Since citing sources is not a creative enterprise, you should consult the appropriate print version of the style guide when you have questions about citation. MLA citation style requires that writers cite a source within the text of their essay at the end of the sentence in which the source is used. The parenthetical reference should be inserted after the last quotation mark but before the period at the end of the sentence. If two quotations from different sources are used in the same sentence, the parenthetical reference associated with a particular quote should be placed as close to the quotation as possible without interrupting the flow of the sentence.
MLA Style: Secondary sources
Maybe China could help us better understand some things we could do better. The agreement was reached during the U. For the first time, China agreed to crackdown on methane leaks, a highly potent greenhouse gas. On Tuesday, Kerry said that reducing coal consumption would also be a central area of focus for the group.
Free APA and MLA Citation Generator
RELATED VIDEO: How to Cite MLA Format (website, book, article, etc.)Back to Academic Integrity guide. It is always better to read and cite the original source of your information. If that is not possible then cite the item as a "secondary source"; a source that refers to the work of someone else. When referring to the work of an author whom you have read in another source, but not read directly yourself, list the full details of the secondary source in the reference listing and in your in-text citation use the term "cited in" or "citing". In the reference list format the secondary reference as you would any reference of that type. For example a journal article below is shown.
Shanghai Composite Index Rose 1.19% on Wednesday
In this chapter you are going to learn more about compiling references and citations. You will also learn strategies for handling some of the more challenging aspects of writing a research paper, such as integrating material from your sources, citing information correctly, and avoiding any misuse of your sources. The first section of this chapter will introduce you to broad concepts associated with adding support to your ideas and providing documentation—citations and references—when you use sources in your papers. As you write your draft, be mindful of how you are using primary and secondary source material to support your points. Recall that primary sources present firsthand information. Secondary sources are one step removed from primary sources.
In your research, you will often encounter resources where an author refers to another researcher's work. This source within a source is known as a 'secondary source' or 'indirect source'. Citing a source from a secondary source is generally discouraged since authors are expected to have examined the works they cite.
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